WP8: External Dimensions of the Crisis
The aim of this Work Package is to understand how the EU externalization policy intersects with intra-regional dynamics in the ME and Africa and offer new grounds and venues to engage with an efficient and forward-looking migration policy making with partner States and other international actors. The added value of the work-package is first to assess the direct efficacy of externalisation policies in times of crisis through a quantitative analysis. The originality of this work-package is to look at externalisation practices and policies from the point of view of non-EU countries building upon the expertise of specialist of non-EU countries and on partner research institutions in Middle Eastern and African countries. It analyses diplomatic engagements of non-EU countries and reflect critically on the nature of “migration diplomacy” in selected cases: Libya, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen.
Partners Involved: Sciences Po (Lead), University of Liège, GIGA, IDMC, CNRS, SOAS, Sabanci University.
Deliverables
D8.1 Externalization Policies and their Impacts on Migrant and Refugee Flows to Europe during the “Crisis.” A preliminary study
In this preliminary study on the impact of European externalisation policies on migrant and refugee flows, Thibaut Jaulin, Alice Mesnard, Filip Savatic, Jean-Noël Senne and Hélène Thiollet, under the lead of Sciences Po, aim to measure how migrant and refugee flows respond to such European externalization of migration and asylum management. The study covers the period of the so-called “migrant” or “refugee crisis” of 2015, a unique context in which to study the relationship between migration policies and flows.
D8.2 Working Paper: Borders Start with Numbers. Measuring Migration in Times of Crisis
In this research note, Filip Savatic, Hélène Thiollet, Thibaut Jaulin, Alice Mesnard, and Jean-Noël Senne present a novel method to distinguish between border crossers who would likely be granted asylum in destination states (“likely refugees”) and those who would not (“likely irregular migrants”) given asylum acceptance rates. Their findings reveal how border policies start with the production and use of migration numbers as well as the importance of critically assessing migration categories in public statistics.
D8.3 Policy Brief: Migrants, Refugees, and Policies: A Gravitational Approach of Irregular Population Movements in Times of Crisis
In this policy brief, Alice Mesnard ( City University of London), Thibaut Jaulin (Sciences Po), Filip Savatic (Georgetown University), Jean-Noël Senne (University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay), and Hélène Thiollet (Sciences Po) describe key policy trends regarding the development of externalization policies in the last two decades and assess their impact on irregular migration flows to Europe.
D8.4 Working Paper: Formal and Informal Dimensions of Turkish Migration Governance: Linkages between Domestic and Transnational Politics
This working paper authored by Samet Apaydin and Meltem Muftuler-Bac (Sabanci University) brings an alternative explanation to the political repercussions of what is known as the Syrian refugee crisis. Most studies that analyse the Turkish case conclude that mass refugee influx across several years did not affect the voting behavior of citizens substantially. By contrast, this paper supports previous studies on immigration in the European countries which demonstrate that governments are severely punished due to their failure in controlling crossborder movements by examining the effect of refugee arrivals on the voting behavior of local citizens in Turkey.
D8.5 Qui accueille les réfugiés syriens au Liban ? Le rôle de l’État, des organisations internationales et des organisations non gouvernementales
This working paper from Kamel Doraï (CNRS, Ifpo) aims to show in the Lebanese context how the multiplicity of non-State actors, with diverging interests and objectives, results in a difficult integration of refugees, more than 10 years after the begining of Syrian conflict.
D8.6 Migration Governance in Civil War: The Case of the Kurdish Conflict
This article from Fiona Adamson (SOAS) examines the management and instrumentalisation of migration and mobility as an area of contested governance in civil wars. Building on work in migration studies and ‘rebel governance’ it shows how migration and mobility regimes form part of the structure of violent armed conflicts, as both states and non-state actors seek to control mobility and migration to their advantage.
D8.7 Working Paper: Externalization of Migration Governance, Turkish Migration Regime and the Protection of European Union’s External Borders
This paper by Meltem Muftuler-Bac (Sabanci University) analyses Turkish migration policies, the impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on altering these policies, the Turkish harmonization to the EU criteria, and the Turkey-EU refugee deal. The paper deduces how migration governance strategies in the wake of the Syrian crisis created new challenges for both Turkey and the EU.
D8.8 From ‘Multi-Level’ to ‘Entangled’: ReSpatialising Migration Governance in Turkey
This article from Fiona Adamson (SOAS) sets forth an “entangled” approach to migration governance, and applies it to the Turkish case. It discusses how historical legacies and regional ties produce enduring cross-border connections, examining diaspora engagement policies; migration diplomacy; and conflict and security in Turkey through the lens of multi-level entangled migration governance.
D8.9 Policy Brief: Migration diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean
This analysis, by Thibaut Jaulin (Sciences Po), which focuses chiefly on the three main host countries of Syrian refugees (Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan), first examines the specificity of Middle Eastern migration and asylum regimes, then looks at national and local policy responses to the Syrian refugee crisis, and finally explores EU migration policy initiatives in response to the Syrian crisis since
2015.
D8.10 Special issue submission: Comparative Perspectives on Migration Diplomacy
Through their contributions, Hélène Thiollet (Science Po), Fiona Adamson (SOAS) and Gerasimos Tsourapas (Glasgow University) explore the actors, practices and levels of foreign- policy making as they relate to the management of cross-border mobility in both the Global North and Global South and suggest the utility of a migration diplomacy framework for scholars of international relations theory as a means of analysing and explaining the international politics of migration and asylum.
D8.11 Is the forced/voluntary dichotomy really shaping migration governance?
In this paper, Hélène Thiollet (Science Po), Ferruccio Pastore (Fieri, Torino, ICM), Camille Schmoll (EHESS, Géographie-cités, ICM) tackle the forced/voluntary dichotomy as a management tool and a policy device.
D8.12 Policy Brief: Migration Diplomacy in the Horn of Africa
During the 2015 ‘migration crisis’, the Horn of Africa became the target of the European Union’s (EU) external migration policy. This policy brief from Thibaut Jaulin (Sciences Po) and Hélène Thiollet (Sciences Po) explores the historical roots of this recent development in migration and asylum diplomacy. It shows that migration gradually became both a security and a protection concern for those foreign powers and international organizations involved in military and humanitarian operations in the sub-region in the 1990s and 2000s. It moreover examines the ways in which the expansion of EU external migration policy into the Horn since the 2015 ‘migration crisis’ has led to the mainstreaming of migration and asylum containment into foreign aid objectives.
D8.13 Migration, asylum and international interventions in the Horn of Africa
This working paper from Thibaut Jaulin (Sciences Po) and Hélène Thiollet (Sciences Po) deals with the logics of international and local actors regarding people’s mobility in the Horn of Africa. How do international interventions shape the politics of asylum and migration and impact mobility? In the making of migration and asylum governance in the Horn, local, national and regional African politics have meshed with successive international interventions that involved a mix of actors and institutions from foreign powers to multilateral and regional organisations and non-governmental entities.
